For example, Escherichia coli colonized in the human body competes with pathogenic Escherichia coli 0157 for proline, which shows that symbiotic bacteria compete with pathogens for resources and niches, thus improving the host's ability to resist pathogenic bacteria. The gut microbiome can develop colonization resistance, in which pathogenic bacteria and other competing microorganisms are destroyed through attacks on bacterial cell walls by bacteriocins, antimicrobial peptides, and other proteins produced by symbiotic bacteria. Chemotherapy disrupts an organism's microbiome, increasing the risk of microbial invasive infection therefore, restoring the gut microbiota composition is one potential strategy to reduce this risk. The gut microbiota also plays a role in preventing infection. It affects many physiological functions including metabolism, inflammation, and the immune response. The human gut microbiota represents a complex ecosystem that is composed of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea. The integrated device showed great potential for rapid and home self-testing diagnosis of COVID-19. The integrated device can detect values as low as 2.76 ng mL-1 of the human anti-SARS-COV-2 S protein IgG antibodies in 50% serum. The human anti-SARS-COV-2 S protein IgG antibodies in buffer solution can be detected in a portable box within 10 min, with a thermal signal detection limit of 0.86 ng mL-1, which was 108-fold lower than that of the colorimetric signal. The device mainly included a rhenium diselenide (ReSe2) nanosheet-based photothermal LFIA, a portable laser, and a smartphone with a portable thermal imager, which was used to record and analyze the thermal signal of the LFIA test zone. An integrated detection device was introduced for rapid, on-site, and highly sensitive assay of the human antisevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Spike (S) protein IgG antibodies. In this work, an ReSe2 nanosheet with a thickness of 10-20 nm was prepared by liquid exfoliation and applied as the label in a photothermal LFIA due to its high photothermal conversion efficiency and high photothermal stability. However, LFIA still has the disadvantage of low sensitivity. Among the antibody-based methods for point-of-care (POC) detection, lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is the most widely used. , Inibidores de Protease Viral/farmacologiaĭeveloping a rapid antibody-based detection method is of great importance for preventing and controlling the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). , Inibidores de Cisteína Proteinase/farmacologia , Proteases 3C de Coronavírus/antagonistas & inibidores Taken together, ACF and PRF might be dual-targeted inhibitors to provide protection against infections of coronaviruses. Our study demonstrated that ACF and PRF were inhibitors of M pro, and ACF has been previously reported as a PL pro inhibitor. Both compounds showed nano-molar activities against SARS-CoV-2 virus, which were superior to GC376 for anti-HCoV-43, and equivalent to the standard molecule remdesivir. In addition, they inhibited about 90 % HCoV-OC43 replication in BHK-21 cells at 1 µM. Further evaluation of MST assay and enzymatic kinetics experiment in vitro showed that they had a certain affinity to SARS-CoV-2 M pro and were both non-competitive inhibitors. Fortunately, Acriflavine (ACF) and Proflavine Hemisulfate (PRF) with the same acridine scaffold were picked out for their good inhibitory activity against M pro with IC 50 of 5.60 ± 0.29 µM and 2.07 ± 0.01 µM, respectively. In order to get potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents, we established an enzymatic assay using a fluorogenic substrate to screen the inhibitors of M pro. M pro is an intriguing antiviral target for interfering with viral RNA replication and transcription. The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic buffets the world, and the concerted efforts are needed to explore effective drugs.
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